Developmental Eye Movement™ Test (DEM™) 發展眼動測驗

Developmental Eye Movement™ 測驗（DEM™）之特色：

• 提供一種客觀方法，用於評估閱讀及非閱讀任務中的注視與掃視（saccadic）眼動活動。
• 包含垂直排列的數字朗讀子測驗，可評估橫向排列數字的眼球運動功能。
• 由驗光師 Dr. Jack Richman 和 Dr. Ralph Garzia 共同研發。
• 隨附使用手冊，內含根據年齡與年級所訂定的標準表格、個案歷史及臨床治療建議。
• 評分軟體可節省時間並避免錯誤，並顯示與標準化分數的比較結果。
• 套裝內含一疊評估表格及可擴展收納手提箱，便於攜帶與儲存。

研究支持 DEM™ 的效度：

• 已有多項研究針對 DEM 測驗進行探討，包括以下面向：
• 與 King Devick 測驗之比較
• 對視覺－語文技能的影響
• 在神經視光康復中的應用
• 兒童閱讀能力與視覺處理技能的關聯性

相關研究刊登於多個學術期刊，如《Journal of Optometry》、《Optometry Vision Science》、《Public Library of Science》和《JAMA Ophthalmology》等。

Features of the Developmental Eye Movement Test™ (DEM™):

• Provides an objective method of assessing fixational and saccadic activity during reading and non-reading tasks.
• Incorporates a sub-test of number calling in a vertical array, allowing for evaluation of oculomotor function with numbers in a horizontal array.
• Developed by Dr. Jack Richman, OD and Dr. Ralph Garzia, OD.
• Includes a manual with instructions and tables of standards based on age and grade level, as well as case histories and clinical treatment considerations.
• Scoring software saves time and prevents errors, and displays comparisons to standardized scores.
• Comes with a pad of evaluation sheets and an expanding carrying case for easy transport and storage.

Several studies have been conducted on the DEM test, including research on its use in comparison to other tests such as the King Devick Test, its impact on visual-verbal skills, its use in neuro-optometric rehabilitation, and its relationship to reading and visual processing skills in children. The studies have been published in various journals such as Journal of Optometry, Optometry Vision Science, Public Library of Science and JAMA Ophthalmology.

部分研究文獻包括 Studies Supporting the DEM™:

• King Devick Test VS. Developmental Eye Movement Test , by Basiliki Evelyn Tomaras and Sarah Trommater Senior Class Project 2004
• Garzia RP, Richman JE, Nicholson SB, Gaines CS. "A new visualverbal saccade test: the development eye movement test (DEM)." Journal of Optometry Association. 1990 Feb; 61(2): 124-135
• Garzia RP, Richman JE, Walker AJ. "The impact of automatic digit naming ability on a clinical test of eye movement functioning." Journal of Optometry Association. 19983 Jul;54(7): 617-22.
• Kapoor N, Ciuffreda KJ. "Assessment of neuro-optometric rehabilitation using the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test in adults with acquired brain injury." Journal of Optometry. 2017 Jul; S188-4296(17)30040-7.
• Kulp MT, Schmidt PP. "The relation of clinical saccadic eye movement testing to reading in kindergartners and first graders." Optometry Vision Science. 1997 Jan;74(1):37-42.
• Kulp MT, Schmidt PP. "Relationship between visual skills and performance on saccadic eye movement testing." Optometry Vision Science. 1998 Apr; 7 5 ( 4): 284-7.
• Xie Y, Shi C, Tong M, Zhang M, Li T, Xu Y, Guo X, Hong Q, Chi X. "Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) Test Norms for Mandarin Chinese-Speaking Chinese Children." Public Library of Science. 2016 Feb; 26881754.
• "Frequency of Visual Deficits in Children With Developmental Dyslexia." JAMA Ophthalmology
• "Vision and Academic Performance in Primary School Children." School of Optometry and Vision Science and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation